Alternative Visualization of General Relativity

Representing the idea of the effect of mass on space-time with a heavy mass placed in a rubber mat may approximate the idea, but it may lead to many problems in understanding because it makes the mass represented in three dimensions while space-time has only two dimensions, so the mass is outside space-time. It also makes the weight of the mass resulting from the Earth’s attraction to it the cause of the curvature of space-time so the cause of the curvature of space-time is external and not merely the presence of mass in it. The idea can be represented in another way that does not have these defects, by representing the presence and effect of mass on space-time by the case of a pen located inside the pages of a book. The pen that represents mass will bend all the pages of the book that represent space-time , and any straight lines drawn on the pages of the book will bend.